Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part J (2025)

Abutilon indicum (L.), a medicinal plant widely used in traditional systems of medicine, is known for its diverse therapeutic applications. The present study aimed to perform phytochemical extraction and qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of leaves, roots, flowers, fruits, and aerial parts of Abutilon indicum using solvents of varying polarity. Dried and powdered plant materials were subjected to maceration, initially with a hydroalcoholic solvent system (water:ethanol, 1:1), followed by successive extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, and n-hexane. The obtained extracts were evaluated for physical characteristics, percentage yield, and phytochemical composition. The hydroalcoholic extract exhibited the highest percentage yield and showed the presence of a wide range of phytoconstituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, along with mild presence of steroids and terpenoids. In contrast, petroleum ether and n-hexane extracts mainly contained non-polar constituents such as steroids and terpenoids, while other phytochemicals were absent. The chloroform extract demonstrated moderate extraction efficiency, containing both polar and non-polar compounds in limited amounts. Quantitative estimation further confirmed higher levels of total alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic content in the hydroalcoholic extract compared to other solvent extracts. Overall, the study highlights the critical role of solvent polarity in phytochemical extraction and establishes hydroalcoholic maceration as an efficient method for obtaining a broad spectrum of bioactive constituents from Abutilon indicum. The findings provide a scientific basis for further chromatographic and spectroscopic characterization of the plant.