Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part I (2025)

Aloe vera is a well-known medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine due to its diverse pharmacological properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Aloe vera leaf extracts prepared using different solvents, namely aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, acetone, chloroform, and petroleum ether. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroids, and terpenoids, with polar solvents showing higher extraction efficiency. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative). Ethanolic and methanolic extracts exhibited significant, dose-dependent zones of inhibition, with ethanolic extract showing superior activity compared to aqueous extract. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and ferrous ion chelating assay. The ethanolic extract demonstrated maximum superoxide radical scavenging activity (97.67%) at 100 µg/mL, while methanolic extract showed the lowest EC₅₀ value in metal chelation studies, indicating strong chelating potential. Overall, the findings confirm that Aloe vera possesses potent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, particularly in ethanolic and methanolic extracts, supporting its potential use in pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications.