Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part G (2025)

Biogenic nanoparticles, which are made from microorganisms and plant-derived biomolecules, are transforming sustainable nanotechnology by offering multifunctional and eco-friendly solutions for a range of industries. By removing hazardous chemicals and high energy requirements, these biologically produced nanoparticles outperform traditional chemical and physical synthesis methods, leading to enhanced biocompatibility and customized surface functions. Through quorum sensing interference, oxidative disruption, and extracellular matrix disintegration, their physicochemical plasticity contributes to creative biofilm management while enabling tailored treatments in agriculture that improve nutrient efficiency, resilience, and disease suppression. Additionally, new connections between environmental health and nanotechnology show potential in treating diseases caused by microplastics. Biogenic nanoparticles may have diagnostic, degradative, and therapeutic uses to reduce the dangers associated with microplastics, which are linked to the development of arterial plaque (atheroma). This review critically evaluates the safety, scalability, and environmental impact issues while thoroughly examining synthesis methods, structure-function correlations, and a wide range of applications. Biogenic nanoparticles are emerging as important tools to solve urgent issues in food systems, infectious disease control, and vascular illnesses connected to microplastics by combining nanobiotechnology, plant-microbe ecology, and biomedical science.