Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part E (2025)

A novel strategy for treating type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that increases renal glucose excretion without the need for insulin. In the proximal renal tubule, dapagliflozin selectively inhibits SGLT2, which effectively lowers blood glucose, reduces body weight, and moderately lowers blood pressure. Major clinical trials like DAPA-CKD and DECLARE-TIMI 58 have demonstrated that it has cardioprotective and renoprotective effects in addition to glycemic management. Dapagliflozin is pharmacologically well absorbed, with a 78% bioavailability, and is mostly converted to inactive metabolites in the liver and kidney. Despite being generally safe, using it increases the risk of genital mycotic infections and, to a lesser extent, UTIs. However, the majority of these infections are mild to moderate, and routine treatment works well for them. There has been no discernible increase in severe UTIs or renal impairment linked to dapagliflozin, according to studies. Although there are certain controllable safety issues, dapagliflozin provides a variety of therapeutic advantages in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.