Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part D (2025)

Although transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) patches have been used to overcome the drawback of hypodermic needles, they also have a restricted capacity to absorb hydrophilic drugs and macromolecules such as DNA and peptides. Consequently, microscopic projections that could pierce the skin were produced, called microneedles. By avoiding contact with blood vessels and nerve fibers, microneedle array patches can reduce bleeding and pain perception by establishing a channel for medicine administration through the stratum corenum in the epidermis. Microneedles can be solid, coated, hollow, dissolving, or hydrogel, and they are made utilizing a variety of microfabrication processes.