Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part C (2025)

Microspheres are spherical, free-flowing, and discrete particulate systems typically ranging from 1 to 1000 micrometers in diameter, used widely as carriers for drugs, enzymes, vaccines, and other bioactive agents. They are designed to deliver therapeutic agents in a controlled and sustained manner, thereby enhancing efficacy, minimizing side effects, and improving patient compliance. Microspheres can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and offer targeted delivery, which is particularly advantageous in the treatment of chronic diseases. In pharmaceutical sciences, microspheres serve as an effective system for controlled drug delivery, sustained release, and site-specific targeting. These systems are particularly beneficial for drugs with short biological half-lives, low bioavailability, or narrow therapeutic windows, as they help in maintaining steady plasma drug concentrations over extended periods.