Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part F (2025)

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin illness that can start in infancy and last throughout adulthood. AD causes physical suffering as well as psychological stress, with symptoms including acute itching, dry skin, and visible sores. Its expanding prevalence, particularly in developed nations, emphasizes the importance of thorough knowledge and management solutions.

Review: This study looks at the multifactorial etiology of AD, focusing on the contributions of genetic predispositions particularly mutations affecting epidermal barrier proteins like filaggrin and immunological dysregulation caused by T-helper cell imbalances. Environmental variables, such as urban pollution, allergies, and climate, all contribute to illness development and flare-ups. Diagnostic methods rely on clinical criteria, which are supplemented by allergen testing and, in certain circumstances, skin biopsies. Current therapeutic options include topical and systemic corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, biologics, and phototherapy. Furthermore, traditional and herbal remedies such as aloe vera, turmeric, and neem are gaining popularity for their anti-inflammatory and barrier-repair properties.

Discussion: AD is influenced by both intrinsic (genetic and immunological) and extrinsic (environmental and microbial) variables, making it a complicated disease. While current medicines give significant symptom alleviation, their limitations, including expense, side effects, and resistance, need more comprehensive therapy approaches. Herbal and traditional treatments are attractive adjuncts, especially in culturally embedded environments, but their efficacy must be validated by rigorous research and clinical trials.

Conclusion: To effectively manage AD, an integrated and customized strategy is necessary. Addressing the core causes of the disorder, such as barrier failure, immunological imbalance, and environmental triggers, in addition to symptomatic therapy, might improve results. To develop a comprehensive framework for long-term illness control, future research should focus on individualized medicine, neuro-immune pathways, and thorough evaluation of alternative medicines.