Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part D (2025)

Niosomes are innovative, tiny vesicles made from non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol, offering a unique way to deliver drugs more effectively. These vesicles are gaining attention in pharmaceutical research because of their ability to enhance drug bioavailability, stability, and versatility. They can carry both water-soluble and fat-soluble drugs, ensuring controlled, sustained release while targeting specific areas of the body. Unlike liposomes, which are made from phospholipids, niosomes are more stable, cost-effective, and have a longer shelf life due to their composition. This review explores the structure, composition, and preparation methods of niosomes, as well as how different factors influence their performance. It also covers the key techniques used to characterize niosomes, such as size, zeta potential, and drug encapsulation efficiency. Recent advancements, including the development of stimuli-responsive niosomes, microfluidic methods, and combination therapies, are also discussed. The future of niosomes looks promising, with ongoing research focusing on improving drug delivery, sustainability, large-scale production, and expanding their use in treating complex diseases like cancer. As niosomes evolve, they hold great potential for transforming how we deliver treatments, making them safer, more efficient, and more targeted.