Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part D (2025)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health crisis, with an estimated 1/3rd of the global population having latent TB. The conventional approaches to diagnosis including the tuberculin skin test (TST) have inherent limitations which necessitate the urgent application of newer technologies for the diagnosis of TB. The present review will give an overall overview of the new technologies in the diagnosis of TB, their strengths and weaknesses and their potential for enhancing global control of TB. This article contain a systematic review of literature was conducted through the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Reports in the period from 2014 to 2024 that commented on new TB diagnostic technologies such as CBNAAT, Truenat and molecular diagnosis were included. Sensitivity, specificity, cost and access were compared. New technologies such as Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRAs), Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAATs) and next-generation sequencing have proved to be more sensitive and specific than conventional tests. Molecular tests such as GeneXpert have facilitated the detection of TB and drug resistance promptly. Other challenges like high cost, need for infrastructure and heterogeneity of performance persist. New diagnostic technologies are transforming TB detection into a faster, more preciseand less expensive process. This article, initially discussed about the old TB diagnostic methods. Intermediately, brief about the modern technology in TB diagnostic tools. Lastly, concluded with policy attention to overcome current barriers with achieving international reach.