Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part B (2024)

Bioprinting is a transformative technology in regenerative medicine, offering the potential to fabricate tissues and organs through the precise deposition of living cells and biomaterials. Bioinks, which are specialized materials used in the bioprinting process, play a critical role in providing structural support and ensuring cell viability. These bioinks are formulated using a variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials that must meet key requirements, including biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and appropriate degradation rates. The selection of biomaterials is highly dependent on the specific tissue being printed, as different tissues require unique physical and biological characteristics. Recent advancements in bioink formulations include the development of hybrid bioinks that combine natural and synthetic components, smart bioinks that respond to environmental stimuli, and biofunctionalized bioinks enhanced with growth factors and peptides to promote tissue growth and integration. Despite the progress, challenges remain, particularly in maintaining cell viability, achieving the structural complexity of organs, and ensuring long-term functionality. The future of bioink research lies in the integration of artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, and multi-material bioprinting, which are expected to further advance the field and enable clinical applications of bioprinted tissues and organs.